Drafting instrument



March 19, 1935. w w FORD DRAFTING INSTRUMENT Filed July '7, 1930 Patented Mar. 19, 1935 I I i UNITED STATES PATENT" ()FFI'CE 1,995,204 V DRAFTINVG ins'raoigmn'r William Walter Ford, Oklahoma City, okra. Application July 7, 1930; steam. 65,845

3 Claims. (01. as 104 My invention relates to a draftsmans scalefor parts hereinafter more fully described, pointed laying out, in elevation, definite courses in brick out in the claims hereto appendedand illustrated structure, and also for laying out roofs of various inthe accompanying one-sheet drawing, of which: degrees of pitch. Figure'l is a-perspective' view of the device;

" The objects of my invention are to provide a and l device of this class which is new, novel, practical Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view showing and of utility; which when used by architectural the typical shape of the various perforations. draftsmen and engineers will provide a fast and "Like characters of referencedesignate like parts accurate means for laying out'in drawings the in all the figures;

10' definite numberand location of courses of brick Itis understood that various changesin the 10 in a proposed structure; which Will be adapted form, proportion, size, shape, weight and other for use upon plans drawn to various scales per details of construction, within the scope of my inch or per fractional inch; which will be adapted invention may be resorted to without departing by its various scales to indicate such brick courses from the spirit or broad principle of my invention when laid in mortar of various specified or deandwithout sacrificing any of the advantages 15 sired thickness; which will further provide upon thereof; and it is also under'stood'that the draw-' one of its faces, graduated scales which will acing is'to beinte'rpreted as being illustrative and curately indicate in inches of rise per footof run not restrictive. the slope of a roof; which will also indicate the One practical embodiment of the invention as pitch of a roof; an instrument which will be illustrated in the drawing followsz' P V 20 simple in construction and in use; which will be A usual draftsmans triangle '1, having a line 2 relatively inexpensive in manufacture; which will of spaced perforations 3 which lies perpendicular save much time; which will be durable; which will to its base 4:, and lies parallel to itsv side '7, and accomplish all of the above objects and'yet be having aline'5 ofspacedperforations 6 which exembodied in a usual draftsmans triangle, thus tends at ananglefrom adjacent said base 4 25 requiring no more room on the drafting board toward said line 2 and towardtheapexB of said thandoes a usual triangle; and, which willbe triangle 1. a 5

efficient in accomplishing all the purposes for On'e'of said perforations 3 may best be seen in. which it is intended. Fig. 2, and is typical of all perforations in said 301 The present method of laying out in elevation triangle 1. All-of the perforations are to be used 30,

the courses of brick forming the walls ofa pro by'inserting the point of a pencil therethr'ough, posed structure, is by use of a finely graduated and making a dot'upo'n the dfawing'a'n'd the per rule or scale which is laid upon the drawing. :In forations'are so spaced that by thus using the deaccordance with previously estimated data in sired line of perforations and by varying the which the thickness of the mortar to be used position ofthe-linezby varyingthe positionof the 35 and the relation of the plan per inch'to the foot triangle, brick courses of various thicknessesmay of structure, isknown, the drawing is tediously be pointed on on the drawing; Also the courses laid off by this scale. In so far as this applicant may be pointed off to various scales of drawing. knows there is now no instrument available which In using my device, the drawingibeing'made will,

40 embodies a means of accomplishing'the results of course, be attached in its/usual position upon 40 which applicants device does in a draftsmans the drafting board, andausual-T square will be triangle. used in a usual manner. With the T square in In so far as applicant knows or can ascertain its usualposition, and with the base 4 of the' trithere is now no single instrument available for angle resting against the upper edge thereof,

ascertaining or laying oif the varying pitches of standard brick courses mayfbe' pointed off. By 45 roofs or of other angles couched in terms such as using each consecutiveone of said perforations 6, quarter pitch, :half pitch, fiveeighths pitch or a draftsman may lay ofi courses-having one half the like, nor as specified in inches rise per foot inch mortar joints on a three quarter in'ch scale. of run. Present methods of laying off these By; using each alternate one of said perforations pitches or slopes are slow and laborious. .The '6, the same may be laid off on a 1 inch scale. 50 information desired is instantly available by As a means of likewise" pointing-off courses'havmeans of my instrument. ing inch, 3/ and inch mortar "joints upon With these and other. objects in view as will at}; inch scale, respective lines 9:10 and 11 are more fully appear, my invention consists in the provided upon the 'facecof triangle '1, and interconstruction, novel features, and combination. of secting the lowermost one of said perforations 6. 55'

Courses having A; inch mortar joints are pointed off through each consecutive one of perforations 6 when said line 9 is parallel with the T square, likewise inch and inch jointed courses may be pointed off when respective lines and 11 are parallel with the upper edge of the T square. As a means of laying off 1 inch, V inch and inch jointed brick courses on a inch scale, the face of said triangle 1, is provided with respective lines 12, 13 and li'which all intersect the lower most one of said perforations 3. In this instance said lines 12, 13 or 14 as the case may be, will be placed parallel with the upper edge of the T square, and the courses will be pointed off by using each consecutive one of said perforations 3.

By placing the side 7 of the triangle against the top of the T square, /2 inch jointed brick courses upon a quarter inch scale may-be pointed off by using each consecutive one of said perforations 6. As a means for laying off 7 inch, and jointed courses upon a quarter inch scale, the face of said triangle 1 is provided withrespective lines 15, 16 and 17. By placing line parallel with the T square, and by using each consecutive one of said perforations 6, standard brick courses laid with a inch motar joint may be pointed off on a quarter inch scale. Likewise by placing line 16 or 17 parallel with the T square, or A; inch jointed brick courses may be pointed oif by using each consecutive one of-said perforations 6. Courses laid with V inch joints may be pointed off on a half inch scale by using each alternate one of said perforations 6 while said side 7 of triangle 1 is resting against the T square.

Numerals for determining the number of courses of brick which have been laid out are provided adjacent said line;5 of perforations 6 as indicated at 18. i

A means for laying out header and stretcher or soldier courses on a one-half inch scale and with inch joints only is providedin line 22 which intersects the lowermost one of said perforations 6. Said line 22 may be placed perpendicular to the top edge of the T square and headers may be laid off on a one-half inch' scale in any horizontal course by using each consecutive one of said perforations 6. The stretchers may be laid off in a like manner, by using each alternate one of said perforations 6.

Having described the use and purpose of the lines 2 and.5 of perforations 3 and 6, and also the use of said lines 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22 and .23, the following description is made for the purpose of explaining the manner in which they are originally located with relation to said triangle 1.

The spacing of the perforations 30f said line 2 is arbitrarily chosen to represent the distance on a inch scale between centers of mortar joints of 1 inch thickness between which standard brick is laid, making the distance between said perforations 3 equal to 3 /2 inches on a scale of ofan inch to the foot. The number of said perforations 3 is arbitrary, but in the drawing herein I have shown the 1ine'2 of said perforations 3 of a height equal to 42 courses laid as above. described. As previously stated hereinabove said line 2 of said perforations 3 is parallel with the side 7 or the long leg of the base triangle 1, and is perpendicular to the base 4 of said triangle 1.

Taking the two legs of said triangle 1 as a basis, the, slope of the line of perforations 6 is determined by constructing upon the two legs a triangle in which the line of perforations 6 is the hypotenuse, and making the length of the short leg of this constructed triangle equal to one third the length of the long leg thereof. The spacing of said perforations 6 is determined by measuring perpendicular to the short leg 4 of said triangle 1, and spacing said perforations 6 a distance of 2% inches on a scale of of an inch to a foot. The distance of 2% inches was chosen to represent the standard brick height of 2% inches, plus inch mortar joint which is the most commonly used joint and scale.

Since the constructed triangle described has the short leg equal to A; the length of the long leg,

"the spacing of said perforations 6, measured perpendicular to the long leg 7 or perpendicular to the long leg of the constructed triangle, is equal to 2% inches on a scale of A; inch to the foot.

The angle formed between the line 9 and the line of perforations 6 is determined by constructing upon the line 6 as a hypotenuse, a right triangle with'the line 9 extended as the short leg, and the length of the long leg equal to fifty courses of standard brick land with inch bed joints, measured on a'scale'of inch to the foot. This 50 courses is arbitrarily chosen; The spacing of the perforations in line 6, measured perpendicular to the short leg of this constructed triangle is equal to 2 /2 inches on a scale of inch to the foot. In a likemanner the lines 10 and 11 are located by using respectively a and inch joint, which would niake'the over all height of each course respective1y'2 and 2% inches. Lines 17, 16 and 15 are located as follows: Said line 1'7 is located by using the line of perforations 6 as a hypotenuse and constructing a right triangle, using the line 17 extended as the long leg, and using an imaginary line through the lowermost one of said perforations 3 perpendicular to said line 17 as the short leg, and making the length of the short leg, on a scale of 4 inch to the foot, equal to 50 courses of standard brick laid with inch joints, or 2 inches for each course. 1

Lines 16 and 15 are located in a similar manner as above described with reference to said line 17, with the exception that the short legs are made of alength equal to 50 courses of standard brick laid respectively in inch and inch joints.

Lines 12, 13 and 14 are located in a manner similar to that above described with reference to the location of said lines 9, 10 and l1, except that the line of perforations 3 is used as the hypotenuse of the constructed triangles.

The perforation 19 is located by intersecting the lowermost one of said perforations 3 with an imaginary line perpendicular to the line 2 of perforations 3, and then intersecting'the perforation 3 indicated by the graduation /z, with an imaginary line at a 45 degree angle from said line 2 of perforations 3. Said perforation 19 is then placed atthe intersection of the last two mentioned imaginary lines.

In addition to embodying a means for laying out brick courses as above described, I further provide upon said triangle 1 a means for laying sired one of said perforations 3, which is indicated by one of said fractional numbers, and by then drawing a line between the two dots, a roof of any usual or standard pitch may be laid out. For instance, with said base 4 resting against the T square, a dot made through said perforation 19 and another dot made through the perforation 3 which is designated by the fractional muneral /8,

will describe the slope of a roof laid out on pitch.

For designating the rise in inches per foot of span of a roof, various ones of said perforations 3 are designated by a whole numeral as shown at- 21. A dot made through said perforation 19 and another dot made through that perforation 3 which is designated by the whole numeral 6, will describe the slope of a roof laid out on 6 inches of rise to each foot of run. The other of said whole numerals are used in a similar manner.

' Line 22 is located by intersecting the lowermost one of said perforations 6 with a line drawn perpendicular to the hypotenuse of said triangle 1. Line 23 is located by intersecting the lowermost one of said perforations 6 with a line drawn parallel to the hypotenuse of said triangle 1.

Obviously, the invention is susceptible of embodiment in forms other than that which is illustrated-in the accompanying drawing andjdescribed herein, and applicable for uses and purposes other than as detailed, and I therefore consider as my own all such modifications and adaptations and other uses of the form of the device herein described as fairly fall within the scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is:

1. A drafting instrument embodying a draftsmans triangle having a first row of spaced perforations parallel to one of its sides and having a second row of spaced perforations converging at an angle with said first row, each of said perforations adapted to receive the point of apencil and to permit the making of a dot therethrough, said triangle also having a plurality of lines on its face each intersecting at an angle one perforation of the first row of perforations,

and having a plurality of second lines each intersecting at a different angle one perforation of the second row of perforations, said lines having indicia thereby for designating the correct one of either group to place against a T square for laying out brick courses having a desired thickness of mortar joint. r

2. A drafting instrument embodying a draftsmans triangle having in combination, a first row of spaced perforations through said triangle and parallel to one of its sides, a second row of spaced perforationsconverging at an angle with said first row, each of said perforations adapted to receive the point of a pencil and to permit the making of a dot therethrough, a plurality of lines upon the face of said triangle each intersecting at an angle one of the perforations of the first row of perforations, a plurality of lines on the face of said triangle intersecting at various angles the second row of perforations, said lines having indicia for designating the correct one of the lines of either group to place against a T square for laying out brick courses having various desired thicknesses of mortar joints, said triangle having a single perforation remote from said first row, and indicia adjacent said first row for designating certain perforations through which a dot may be made to lay out various roof pitches, the slope of the roof being represented by a line drawn from a dot thus made to a dot made through the remote perforation.

3. A drafting instrument embodying adraftsmans triangle having self-containedmeans for laying out roofs of various pitches, said means comprising, a row of spaced perforations disposed at right angles to the base of said triangle, said triangle having a single perforation lying remotely from said row, said single perforation spaced the same distance from the base of the triangle as is the end perforation of said row which is nearest said base, said perforations having fractional indicia designating various ones thereof, said indicia indicating the pitch of a line drawn from said single perforation to the indicated perforations in said row.

WILLIAM WALTER FORD. 

